The impact of Work environment on employees satisfaction in 5 star Essay

The effect of Work condition on representatives fulfillment in 5 star inns in the USA - Essay Example There exists a huge degree of formal information regarding the matter of worker fulfillment corresponding to the workplace. This part will quickly assess explicit subject matters that survey how the various angles that structure the workplace, for example, general condition (societies and convictions), inn condition (administration methodologies and collaboration) and hierarchical conduct will encroach on the worker fulfillment. Likewise of intrigue are the ensuing consequences for efficiency. 1.2Work condition. Employee’s demeanor and conduct are impacted enormously by the nature of their work conduct are influenced by the nature of their workplace Work condition can be separated into general condition (societies and convictions), lodging condition (administration techniques and cooperation) and individual effect. Jacques (1951) characterized hierarchical culture as the standard or conventional methods of doing things which are shared to a more prominent or lesser degree by all individuals from an association and which new individuals must learn and in part concur so as to be acknowledged in that association. As indicated by Cole and Thomson (1995) culture is depicted as a summation of qualities dreams points of view, guidelines and methods of conduct in any association. Human asset systems impact forming the workplace. These procedures incorporate those exercises that are vital in the enrollment of a workforce, furnishing representatives with their finance, drawing advantage designs, and administrating their work-life needs. The turn of events and use of this asset is from an expansive perspective done so as to propel the organization’s targets.

Animal Farm Equality

The epic being talked about is called â€Å"Animal Farm† by George Orwell. He is an English author, writer, columnist and pundit. His work is notable around the globe for his, attention to Social Injustice, restriction to Totalitarianism, and his promise to Democratic Socialism. The book â€Å"Animal Farm† mirrors the occasions that happen, all things considered, which paves the way to the Russian Revolution of 1917. This epic is about creatures tossing over the people and governing themselves. Napoleon and Boxer are genuine instances of a Leader and Follower.Napoleon is a manipulative and force Hungry pioneer who removes the animal’s rights while his devotee Boxer is dedicated and a genuine adherent of his pioneer however toward the end his valuable life is lost from workaholic behavior. The pioneer picked to be examined is Napoleon and as indicated by the novel Napoleon is working superbly however his manipulative ways is wrecking the balance in the Animal Farm . He raised Jesse and Bluebells little dogs into awful assault hounds which will assist him with keeping control over different animals in the farm.An case of pulverizing the equity in the homestead is the point at which he exchanges with the people when it plainly said in the rules that no animal will ever exchange with any human. Moreover, as per Orwell another Commandment said that â€Å"No creature will slaughter another animal† (Page 17), yet Napoleon changed that to â€Å"No creature will execute another creature with no reason. † These progressions that he makes to the Commandments plainly demonstrate that Napoleon is taking the creatures fairness rights away. The supporter picked to be talked about is Boxer and as per the novel Boxer is the animal that works the hardest in the farm.His maxim is â€Å"I will work harder,† and he is the animal that contributes the most to all the achievement of the homestead. He does never for even a second understand that he is being denied of his fairness by Napoleon since he generally accepts that Napoleon is their pioneer and that he will never not be right. Towards the finish of the novel his lungs give in from buckling down and the various creatures observe defenselessly as he is sent to his demise. Fighter never understands that his opportunity is being removed and his convictions impact every other person that Boxer is correct and they never understand the truth.In end, the force insatiable pioneer Napoleon despite everything rules the Animal homestead with increasingly updated rules which remove the animal’s opportunity and equity rights. As indicated by the novel Boxer’s honest soul is up in paradise and the Animal Farm is very far and away more terrible condition than it was when Mr. Jones was their lord. Napoleon and his alleged authorities picked up such a great amount of control over the working creatures that they began to abuse it and the reason to oust the people and ru le themselves truly is to no end on the grounds that there is one pioneer who managed over everybody and took their opportunity from them.

2600 Years of the University

2600 Years of the University Note:xTalks: Digital Discourses is a seminar series from the MIT Office of Digital Learning designed to facilitate awareness, deep understanding, and transference of educational innovations at MIT and elsewhere. Last week, I attended a fascinating xTalk by Professor Shailendra Raj Mehta, The University of the Future: Lessons from a 2600 Year History. This blog post is a summary of the event. ________________________ Imagine: you are a prospective university student in India, 600 BC, traveling to Taxila, where roads and civilizations come together. A professor at the gate asks you a questionyour entrance test. You are intimidated by the great scholar. Just last week the king had stood up to honor him during the morning assembly. But you are determined to get into Taxila despite the 10-20% acceptance rate. You have come prepared for any question. Never mind that your family cannot afford to pay for your university education. You are confident that you will receive generous financial aid to pursue your studies, regardless of your caste, gender, or religion. 2600 years later, we have forgotten the prospective Taxila scholar. For centuries, history had largely ignored the 1800-year development of higher education in India. After the final five Indian universities were destroyed in 12th century AD, few records of them remained, even in their home country. Instead, the Indian tradition was recorded and spread by travelers from China, Japan, Tibet, and Korea, where it influenced new university chains. Now scholars are bringing back the knowledge of Indian higher education, and Shailendra Raj Mehta is a prominent voice in the movement. Many are surprised to hear that the first university in the world was founded in India in 6th century BCE. The common narrative points to 11th century Europe as the starting place for higher ed when, in fact, the history of universities spans through three vastly different geographic regions: India (~ 600 BCE 12000 AD), Europe (~ 1100 1900 AD), and finally the United States (~1900 AD present). No one has previously considered the history of all three epochs together, and so Professor Mehtas talk on the 2600-year history of universities was particularly fascinating. The most surprising part of the talk was outlining the very similar challenges that the three regions university leaders had to tackle. This is especially shocking considering that none of the Indian tradition made it to 11th century Europe to influence the subsequent development of European universities. In a limited number of paragraphs, I will attempt to summarize the common features of universities throughout history and from different parts of the world, as described by Shailendra Raj Mehta. Sixteen of these features are of Indian universities, later adopted by both the European and US systems. The next three are European developments. The final three are additional developments that allowed the US to become the current world leader in higher education. Note the amazing resemblance of the Ancient Indian system to our current US system. Features of the Indian System: Diversity of Subjects Studied: for a university to gain its status, it must be a place where many fields are studied. This was certainly the case for Taxila, where students were exposed to 18 branches of knowledge, including Law, Liberal Arts, Theology, Medicine and all the Sciences. Residential Education: the idea behind this was (and still is) to completely transform an individual by taking them away from a familiar home environment. Global Education: many famous political figures and scholars stopped by Taxila, including Alexander the Great and Democritus. Peer Review: this included various global and medical conferences, as well as thesis defense (after which the presenting scholar was told, much like in our time, well done!). Case-Based Reasoning: this was the Indian precursor to the modern scientific method, a model for medical diagnostics and legal reasoning, as well good argumentation. Financial Assistance for Students: even in the 6th century BCE, meritorious students were not turned away because of low income. University teachers would even offer students work-study opportunities. Public Funding: most Indian universities were fully supported by private donations (including by women) and the state. The institutions, although Buddhist, were additionally funded by the Hindu king. Endowments: like the universities today, Indian universities controlled endowment funds to finance the institutions operations. Corporate Form: all Indian universities were Buddhist, and the Buddhist Monastery was the first corporation. Certification/Degrees/Licensing: Indian universities had many different degrees available, including Acharya, Upadhyaya, Pandit and Mahapandit. Knowledge Repositories: one Indian university, Nalanda, was reported to have had three libraries, each one nine stories tall and extending into the clouds. Admission standards: each prospective student had to pass a literal entrance test with a top university scholar situated at every gate. Only 10-20% of applicants made the cut. Competition: the seven Indian universities and other academic centers competed with each other. Academic Freedom: no scholar was ever censored for violating the precepts of religion, and even the Hindu king would rise for the Buddhist scholars. Womens Education and Democratic Access: students of all castes, religions, and regions were welcome. For women, there were separate colleges within the larger universities. Centralized Structure: universities were a centralized whole rather than a co-location of scholars. Additional Features of the European System: Scientific Method: European universities appropriated the modern scientific method. Unity of Research and Teaching: the Humboldtian model of higher education promoted a holistic combination of research and studies, and the integration of the arts and sciences. Learned Societies and Journals: these adopted seamlessly into the university system and were later used for peer review. Additional Features of the US System: Unitary Governance: a university president decides on non-academic matters under the guidance of a board of trustees. Alumni Governance: the boards of most top US universities are almost entirely comprised of alumni. According to Professor Mehta, this is the defining feature for the excellence of American higher education. Bayh-Dole Act: enacted in 1980, this Act allows universities to commercialize research by allowing them to pursue ownership of inventions made with federal funding. Imagine: 2600 years after your entrance exam to Taxila, you are filling out the holistic MIT application. The MIT acceptance rate is under 10% but no professors stand at the gates to decide your fate. Students of all genders share the same dormitory and classroom spaces. The Institute is not affiliated with any major religion and is governed mainly by alumni. Many things have changed, but the spirit of the university remains. Both Taxila and MIT embody the mission of transforming lives. And after 2600 years of challenges and inventions, universities remain essential centers of learning. Imagine now all the possibilities for development of higher education in the centuries ahead. _______________________ See Professor Mehtas detailed presentation slides here. See the recorded xTalk here. See more blog posts from the Office of Digital Learninghere. Post Tagged #MIT Office of Digital Learning #xTalks

The Light and Darkness of Suffering Depicted in Sonnys Blues

All of humanity suffers at one point or another during the course of their lives. It is in this suffering, this inevitable pain, that one truly experiences life. While suffering unites humankind, it is how we choose to cope with this pain that defines us as individuals. The question becomes do we let suffering consume us, or do we let it define our lives? Through James Baldwin’s story, â€Å"Sonny’s Blues†, the manner by which one confronts the light and darkness of suffering determines whether one is consumed by it, or embraces it in order to â€Å"survive.† Viewing a collection of these motifs, James Baldwin’s unique perspective on suffering as a crucial component of human development becomes apparent. It is through his compassionate portrayal of†¦show more content†¦They have not escaped from anything, life is still the same as it always was. It is through these unfortunate, but inevitable, events that the brothers are able to reconnect and to obtain an understanding of each other. The interplay of dark and light motifs underlies the narrator’s most recent hardship. On his way home on the subway, the narrator comes across his brother’s name in a newspaper and â€Å"stared at it in the swinging lights of the subway car, and in the faces and bodies of the people, and in my own face, trapped in the darkness which roared outside† (Baldwin). Riding in the light of the subway car, the author makes the non-suspecting narrator subject to suffering, unguarded by the protective cloak of the outside darkness. Made vulnerable by the exposed light and people surrounding him, the narrator is hit harder by the unexpected news than if he had read it in the darkness of his private room. Under the â€Å"swinging lights,† the narrator is not prepared to cope with the troubling news. This emphasizes the importance of light as a symbol for one’s need of camouflage to properly cope with tragedy. The na rrator finds himself confronted with different forms of suffering that encompass both light and dark mechanisms of survival. Upon seeing Sonny for the first time in many years, â€Å"He looked very unlike my baby brother. Yet, when he smiled†¦ the baby brother I’d never known looked out from the depths of his private life, likeShow MoreRelatedJames Baldwin s Sonny s Blues905 Words   |  4 Pagesthere is a work by James Baldwin entitled Sonny’s Blues. What interests me about this work is the quote, â€Å"For, while the tale of how we suffer, and how we are delighted, and how we may triumph is never new, it always must be heard. There isn’t any other tale to tell, it’s the only light we’ve got in all this darkness.† In this connection, the question that I want to research is why would a man like James Baldwin represent a character like Sonny in Sonny’s Blues? James Baldwin is a man of his words throughRead More Sonnys Blues by J ames Baldwin Essay1228 Words   |  5 PagesSonnys Blues by James Baldwin A captivating tale of a relationship between two troubling brothers in Harlem, Sonnys Blues is told from the perception of Sonnys brother, whose name is never mentioned. Baldwins choice of Sonnys brother as a narrator is what makes Sonnys Blues significant in terms of illustrating the relationship and emotional complications of Sonny and his brother. The significance of Sonnys Blues lies in the way Sonnys brother describes their relationship based onRead MoreEssay on Sonnys Blues by James Baldwin1316 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"Sonny’s Blues† revolves around the narrator as he learns who his drug-hooked, piano-playing baby brother, Sonny, really is. The author, James Baldwin, paints views on racism, misery and art and suffering in this story. His written canvas portrays a dark and continual scene pertaining to each topic. As the story unfolds, similarities in each generation can be observed. The two African American brothers share a life similar to that of their fath er and his brother. The father’s brother had a thirst

Coffee Is An Unhealthy Habit Essay - 1299 Words

Coffee is one of the most popular drinks in the world - it is also mega business. Coffee plants are cultivated in more than 70 countries. It is an important export commodity for Latin America, Southeast Asia, and Africa. Half the population in America drinks coffee on a daily basis. Starbucks, founded in 1971, is now the world s biggest coffeehouse chain with over 20,000 stores in more than 60 countries. In the last five years (2009-2013) alone, Starbucks share price has risen more than seven-fold. Given this widespread popularity, it is no surprise that many people have wondered if drinking coffee is an unhealthy habit. Caffeine, after all, is a stimulant drug and is addictive. For decades, medical advice from organizations like the American Heart Association has indicated that coffee may lead to high blood pressure and is bad for your heart. You may even have been told that coffee will give you an ulcer. However, in recent years, there has been an enormous amount of new research that has just pretty much exonerated coffee. Is coffee good or bad for you? The following summarizes the latest findings on coffee and how it may actually benefits your health. Further, if you are a regular coffee drinker, there are certain things about coffee that you should also be aware of. Lastly, know that coffee may not be appropriate for everyone, if you have certain conditions, you should not be drinking coffee at all. Latest Research On The Health Perks Of Coffee Although not everyShow MoreRelatedI Am A Healthy Life Essay988 Words   |  4 Pagesin most aspects. Fist of all I keep healthy eating habits. I seldom skip breakfast during my weekdays so that I’m energetic for my classes everyday. I always plan my breakfast the day before, such as bagels or eggs. Breakfast is important so I try to make it fresh and delightful. Sometimes I drink tea instead of coffee. Black tea is my favorite because caffeine in it is lower than green tea or coffee. I always feel too excited after drinking coffee. I feel my heart beating faster than usual and myRead MoreThe Dangers Of Smoking And Smoking861 Words   |  4 Pagescreatures of habit. Whether it is realized or not, everyone has habits. Some habits are healthy: going to the gym, a morning run, and falling asleep at the same time every night, are all examples of healthy habits. Conversely, some individuals make choices that turn into habits, which are unhealthy. In the eyes of society, smoking is one of the worst habits a person can have. Through the analysis of smokers’ routines, it may be possible to find ways to help them curb their unhealthy practices. Read MoreCoffee Is A Natural Habit For Any Italian Person885 Words   |  4 PagesDrink coffee is a natural habit for any Italian person. Coffee is a strong part of our culture, and we are used to drink it since we are little more than children. Usually for Italians coffee is more than something to drink, because it’s an important moment in our everyday routine. In fact, we are used to take it several time a day even though we know that is an unhealthy habit. This is probably the reason why we don’t see other type of coffee preparations like â€Å"real coffee†. Italian coffee or howRead MoreCoffee Is The Real Coffee900 Words   |  4 PagesEspresso Coffee is the Real Coffee Drinking coffee is a natural habit for any Italian person. Coffee is a strong part of our culture, and we used to drink it since we were little more than children. Usually for Italians coffee is more than something to drink because it’s an important moment in our everyday routine. In fact, we take it several times a day, even though we know that this is an unhealthy habit. This is probably the reason why we don’t see another type of coffee preparations like realRead MoreDrinking Coffee Is A Natural Habit For Any Italian Person887 Words   |  4 PagesDrinking coffee is a natural habit for any Italian person. Coffee is a strong part of our culture, and we are used to drinking it since we are little more than children. Usually for Italians coffee is more than something to drink because it’s an important moment in our everyday routine. In fact, we take it several times a day, even though we know that this is an unhealthy habit. This is probably the reason why we do n’t see another type of coffee preparations like real coffee. Italian coffee or generallyRead MoreThe College Phase Of The Real World1432 Words   |  6 Pagesexpression, students should develop a daily routine focusing on healthy eating habits, self-restraint, and exercise. Entering this environment full of change can be a frightening and unexpected experience. Changes will most likely occur in your study habits, friends, daily routines and activities, and the distance between you and your family. Other vast modifications will occur in a student’s diet and their exercise habits. These can cause the effect of the well known, terrifying expression, â€Å"freshmanRead MoreObesity : The World Health Organization946 Words   |  4 Pageseats by taxing unhealthy foods would essentially be infringing on people s freedom of choice. Eating is a personal responsibility and to have the federal government intervene on behalf of its citizens by implementing a fat tax would not dissuade people from eating unhealthy foods. Trying to legislate good eating habits then by making unhealthy foods more expensive will not address the root cause of the problem because those who purchase such foods likely do so out of habit, convenience and/orRead MoreCauses And Effects Of Stress In College Students901 Words   |  4 Pagescollege student for about 3 months and experience stress almost every day. Three main causes why college students experience stress is because of academic stressors, social stressors, and daily hassles. Which leads to dropouts, weight issues, and unhealthy habits. The first type of stress that college students experience is academically. The workload is more than the high school workload which means theres no hand-holding during this time period from both teachers and parents. Throughout high schoolRead MoreShould We Eat Healthier?1183 Words   |  5 Pageseating junk food, rushing through meals, and snacking too late at night. These all have serious repercussions that can affect our energy and stress levels, as well as lead to illness. Having a busy schedule doesn’t mean we should abandon better eating habits. It just requires a little knowledge, organization, and the will power to eat healthy. The first rule of thumb is to never skip breakfast because it is the most important meal of the day. Eating a full breakfast will provide you with the energy youRead MoreChallenges Of Health And Wellness1742 Words   |  7 Pagesdifferent outcome from the past. I will go over the workout plan and the eating habits that I had to endure during the time of this project. Plan of Intervention Over the last, six or seven weeks I have once again altered my eating habits and began another workout regimen that I used in hopes of being successful in losing weight. My workouts have varied with a mixture of weight training and cardiovascular exercise. My eating habits changed by cutting back on calories, carbohydrates, and soft drinks.

Aspects Of An 18 Year Old s Development - 1154 Words

Harrison Scott Mrs. Kirkner AP Psychology 17 October, 2014 Aspects of an 18-year-old’s Development The development of a person is composed of all the biological and environmental processes that make that person who he is. From personality to cognitive maturity, every aspect of his development influences who he becomes. Psychologists such as Piaget, Kohlberg, and Erikson have attempted to explain different facets of the cognitive development of humans in stages. However, this may not as clearly demonstrate cognitive development as personal experiences and observations. I asked my sister, Joanna, a series of questions pertaining to different aspects of her cognitive development including parental and peer influences during adolescence, increasing independence, and moral reasoning. First, I asked Joanna questions to find out to what degree her parents and peers have influenced her throughout adolescence. She described her parents and peers as having the same amount of influence over her but in different respects. She stated, â€Å"My pa rents were definitely influential on my morals and ethical values, and yet my friends and peers affected the way I conducted myself, dressed, acted, talked, what clubs I participated in, etc.† This seems to fit closely with the Myers’ Psychology textbook’s findings of parental and peer influences: Most teens . . . talk, dress, and act more like their peers than their parents. What their friends are, they often become, and what â€Å"everybody’s doing,†Show MoreRelatedDevelopmental Theories and How They Relate to Real Life Scenarios1468 Words   |  4 PagesTheories There are many theories on how a human develops. Most babies follow a certain pattern of development but the controversy is which person s developmental pattern of development is correct? Erik Erickson, Sigmund Freud and Jean Piaget s developmental theories are similar. Each of the theories goes through a human s development chronologically, giving a guideline of when certain developments happen. For example when a child is supposed to walk or when a child is going to speak. It is onlyRead MoreA Research Study On Infant Memory Development1364 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"Infant memory development† is one of the topics of PSY103 lectures, and is also one of the significant issues in Psychology. Dr. Jane Herbert was the lecturer of this topic and she drew my attention and interest to infant memory development and infantile amnesia. Infantile amnesia is the failure to recall events from babyhood and early childhood (Hayne Jack, 2010). In other words, according to Henri Henri (18 98 cited in Hayne, 2004), most of the children and adults can only recollect the earliestRead MoreThe Child s Language Development1475 Words   |  6 PagesFour year-olds can tell simple stories with an expressive vocabulary of 1,500 to 1,600 words (Owens, 2004). Toddlers at this age have increased mastery of consonants and can produce sentences that are four or five words long. Language transitions to a tool that is used to explore the interrogative â€Å"why?† which helps the toddler ask abstract questions and learn more about their environment. Five year-olds use more adult-like language, but aspects of their syntactic structure may be missing. ExpressiveRead MoreThe Emotional Development Of Young Children1085 Words   |  5 PagesThe emotional development in young children plays a very important role throughout their lives especially in their education. From birth to about eight years of age, children are learning the meaning behind each emotion and how to appropria tely use them to express themselves. Erik Erikson, psychologist, created an 8 socioemotional stage development theory explaining what skills were being developed at certain ages. Parental monitoring is important during childhood to determine their emotional progressRead MoreVideo Games Have A Negative Influence On Young People1600 Words   |  7 Pagesentertaining to the player. Gee points out that video game aid the advances of critical thinking and the ability to foster one’s own knowledge by playing video game. His book assesses and readily supports my argument on how video games increase the development of one’s thought process and learning ability. Granic, Isabela, et al. â€Å"The Benefits of Playing Video Games.† American Psychologist, vol. 69, no. 1, 2014, pp. 66–78., doi:10.1037/a0034857. This journal of American Psychologist illustrates the benefitsRead MoreVideo Games Have A Negative Influence On Young People1376 Words   |  6 Pagesentertaining for the player. Gee points out that video game aid the advances of critical thinking and the ability to foster one’s own knowledge by playing video game. His book assesses and readily supports my argument on how video games increase the development of one’s thought process and learning ability. Granic, Isabela, et al. â€Å"The Benefits of Playing Video Games.† American Psychologist, vol. 69, no. 1, 2014, pp. 66–78., doi:10.1037/a0034857. This journal of American Psychologist illustrates the benefitsRead MoreLifespan Development945 Words   |  4 Pages* Lifespan development is the field tha examine pattern of growth, change, and stability in behavior. (womb to tomb) * Major topical Areas (Physical Dev., Cognitive Dev., Personality Dev., Social Dev.) * Physical- Body and the brain. * Cognitive- Growth and behavior * Personality- Stability and change * Social- interaction and relationships grow * Cultural factors and developmental diversity * Broad factors * Orientation toward individualism orRead Moreeducation and play1535 Words   |  7 Pagesrequired to complete an 1000-1200 word assignment I am required to: †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ critique one example of outdoor equipment, indoor play space and materials the age and stage of development it is most relevant to the type and stage of play it is linked to the value in relation to children s development the role of the adult refererence to theorist how cultural background should be considered 1 Ellen Mulhall Early Childhood Education and Play ASG1 Critique of equipment, PlayRead MoreThe Dietary Guidelines State That Adolescents Should Aim1530 Words   |  7 PagesAdolescents is a critical period of growth and development therefore good nutrition is essential. 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From birth to age 5, the learning and development stages are kept at under strict eye by the carers since it is important to see that all the activities of the child are monitored and that the child is growing in the right way.

Hollitz Ch free essay sample

In the early twentieth century, an incredible artistic movement occurred that prompted an aesthetic reform for American living. The movement was known as Arts and Crafts. A mix of progressives consisting of designers, architects, and artists promoted simplified architectural style, handicraft production, and wholesome environments. The following essay will examine the many social and economic influences that shaped the new housing developments as well as what effects the ‘modern’ bungalow style housing had on the American family. In 1900, Americans were very receptive to the new bungalow style home. According to historian Gwendolyn Wright, Americans have long used domestic architecture to encourage certain kinds of family and home life. The Arts and Crafts movement helped demonstrate this by promoting simplified and wholesome environments through quiet lines and minimal decoration. In 1901, a man named Gustav Stickley created a magazine that offered his readers model house designs to build on their own homes. This would allow many working-class families to become homeowners. We will write a custom essay sample on Hollitz Ch or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Another designer named Edward Bok was very influential on the development of the new style of housing. In Wrights article, she says Bok wanted to encourage middle-class women to become more involved in the home thereby relinquishing their recent tendencies to abandon domestic duties for jobs for womens clubs activities. He wanted a house free from senseless ornamentation, one that was equipped with the latest sanitary fixtures and decorated with unpretentious furnishings, with a few handmade necessities. Bok thought that many women made the mistake of over furnishing their homes because they fear being seen as â€Å"bare†. He has many arguments about why a simply furnished home would be better, especially for women. Many architects were hesitant to accept Boks designs, but when the depression came in the 1890s they became very open to the idea of his suburban dwellings. In 1901, Bok launched the first of a series of modern model dwellings. This encouraged the Arts and Crafts movement because thousands of readers sent in five dollars for a complete set of plans and specifications. As the working class started to build their newly designed houses by their own hand, this encouraged the female role in the home. Bocs designs called for a small easy to clean kitchen along with the latest sanitary fixtures. As this idea developed many other designers including Isabelle McDougall wrote articles that implied that a housewife or household administrator was to keep their kitchen extremely clean with that scientific cleanliness of a surgery, which we know to be far ahead of any mere housewife neatness. This led designs to become compact and carefully planned with approximate square footage and where everything had a place. The idea of an efficient kitchen brought along the introduction of electrical appliances, unfortunately the new appliances were not always reliable, but this did however bring electricity to every class in society becoming the modern servant. In Christine Fredericks article Putting the American Woman and Her Home on a Business Basis (1914) she points out how the scientific management in the workplace would benefit the kitchen of the American household. She claims that, at that moment in time, the American housekeeping is distasteful to the ‘most intelligent portion of housekeepers’. She states that it lacks mental interest and was without the spirit of competition in that it does not possess the dignity of the serious profession. The decline in the housing interest was due to people deciding to drift to large cities where more and more of the original functions of the home were being diminished, increasing demands of sanitation, greatly increased cost of living, and general broadening of womens horizon has led to the diminish net of a womans role in the household. In a way the bungalow dramatically changed domestic living. It brought in clean and organized living spaces, compared to the cramped life in the tenant buildings. Domestic architecture encouraged social cooperation. There were common architectural standers that would visually reinforce the idea of a balanced egalitarian social life for both men and women. Designers worked hard to come up with floor plans that would accommodate single men and women as well as married couples. They wanted to make it efficient and functional in order to keep women in the home rather than out in the work field. In cramped close quarters of tenant buildings there was disease and discomfort everywhere. With the new architecture including plenty of windows, people were able to get fresh air and enjoy the sunlight whereas before they were not able to. The Arts and Crafts movement brought along many different ideas of domestic reform. Views about domestic problems varied as did the style of bungalow. The family structure changed, bringing the idea of a housewife into the picture. The middle class were now able to be homeowners. The American family became central focus of the American dream.