Vietnam and Iraq Wars Essay Example for Free

Vietnam and Iraq contends EssayAmerican involve manpowert in Vietnam has roots which preceded the actual deployment of troops, just as the current chapter of the Iraqi War has roots that reach, some would argue, at least as far back as the end of World War II. These dickens arenas, where America chose to enforce its foreign policy at gunpoint, bring on m any similarities, though ostensibly they appear to be radically different. The two wars began with two very(prenominal) different American presidents telling the Big Lie to the American people and their duly elected representatives, though there are subtle differences in how they came to be told. The Gulf of Tonkin Incident supposedly occurred when two American cruisers, operating within a few miles of the North Vietnamese coast are said to have strike under fire by North Vietnamese gunboats. This fabricated incident led Congress to grant Johnson powers to prosecute the war. According to reports released under the emancipat ion of Information Act it is seriously doubtful as to whether such attacks actually occurred. The 21st century continuation of the Persian Gulf War of the 1990s began with an American president telling the American people and their duly elected representatives another Big Lie.He said, while in occupyion of reports to the contrary, that the leader of Iraq had amassed weapons of mass destruction, meaning, it was assumed, any nuclear devices or chemical and/or biological weapons. He further stated, knowing it was not likely, that the Iraqi leader was involved in the attack on the twin towers of the World Trade Center. For their own reasons, Lyndon Johnson and George Walker Bush both chose to obfuscate facts in furtherance of their political agenda. In Vietnam the American fighting men never lost an engagement with the enemy.They won every battle, yet lost the war. Some say the war was lost in the streets of America, victim of bad publicity. The french had held the Vietnamese in colo nial slavery since the 19th century, and were only driven out by the Japanese in 1941. At the end of World War II the French decided that they had the right to return as feudal lords. The Viet Minh challenged this assertion, and in 1954, at the battle of Dien Bien Phu, they drove home their point. The French commander act suicide before the garrison fell to the guerillas under command of the brilliant tactician, General Giap.France pulled out once again, but instead of letting Vietnam unify and consort elections, the U. N. partitioned it. This set the stage for North Vietnams president Ho Chi Min to begin to unify his nation by force, which the Americans inexplicably chose to challenge, culminating in Lyndon Johnson lying to recover his war powers act through Congress. This war, which seemed to be the sole business of the Vietnamese people, became a quagmire to the Americans, and cost Johnson his presidency in the end. It brought shame and disrepute on the United States as Bushs Iraqi War has done in the 21st century.Bush lied to obtain the needed powers to wage a war in Iraq. The Iraq War began with Americans watching U. S. Military power raining destruction from the air on the people of Iraq. The American president screamed, Bring it on to taunt the enemy, and by and by a short time landed on an American carrier ship, greeted by a banner proclaiming, Mission Accomplished. unfortunately that was another deception. Now Iraq, like Vietnam, is a quagmire and Bush has no more of an exit strategy then did Lyndon Johnson. Of Vietnam, Pete Seeger, the folk singer sang, Waist complex in the huge muddy, and the big fool said to push on (Seeger 1967).The big muddy was, naturally, Vietnam, and the big fool giving the order to keep marchland was Lyndon Johnson. Few march today in protest of an equally un-winnable war and no one but the loyal opposition calls Bush a big fool. Still the parents of America fatalities know that their sons and daughters are just as de ad as those who died in Vietnam, for the same lame reasons, in wars justified by lies. In declassified documents released in late 2005, Robert Hanyok, a National Security Agency Historian said, that a second attack, on August 4, 1964, by North Vietnamese torpedo boats on U. S.ships, did not occur despite claims to the contrary by the Johnson administration (Prados 2004). Prados, a NSA archivist has said he believes it is vital to have this information come to light, saying that the Johnson Administration, apply this claim to support retaliatory air strikes (ibid). There are disturbing parallels between the lie concerning the Gulf of Tonkin Incident and the manipulated intelligence used to justify the Iraqi War, according to the historian. It is only due to public pressure that the secret agency allowed the documents to be declassified some forty years subsequently the fact.The Bush Administration did not want the truth out for the obvious reason of the comparisons that can be made to his untruths concerning Iraq. John W. Dean, former White kinfolk counsel to Richard Nixon, said in 2003, that, George W. Bush made a number of unequivocal statements about the reason the United States needed to pursue the most radical actions any nation can undertake acts of war against another nation. Now it is clear that many of his statements appear to be false (Dean 2003).Dean posed the rhetorical perplexity of whether lying to start a war is an impeachable offense against a sitting U. S. President. It is only rhetorical because of the fact the lying chief executives caller had sufficient control of the legislative branch of government. The party apparently believed that lying about sex is impeachable but lying to start war is simply presidential politics. Bush began a series of misstatements, obfuscations, diversions and lies beginning in 2002 as he began to beat his war drum across the United States.In speech after speech he made wilder and wilder claims regarding the Iraqi weapons of mass destruction. Intelligence gathered by this and other governments leaves no doubt that the Iraq regime continues to possess and conceal some of the most lethal weapons ever devised (Bush, G. W. 2003). He even sent his Secretary of Defense, Donald Rumsfeld, on the speech circuit, saying (Rumsfeld) personally knew where these weapons were located. They were never found. They never existed. It was all a lethal charade foisted on America by the Bush/Cheney regime.It was argued that Vietnam was fought in defense of the Domino Theory. It has also been suggested that the Iraq War is being fought for the Haliburton Theory, in which American troops have seized Iraqi oil to increase the profits of an American corporation under the control of the sitting vice-president. What is proven is that the Iraq War, like its predecessor, the Vietnam War, was begun with a Big Lie for which the liar has not been called to account. Intelligence sources reports exposed each set of lies for what they are, yet neither Johnson nor Bush has been held accountable.ReferencesBush, G.W. Iraq Denial and Deception (speech) Mar. 17, 2003 Retrieved 5-10-08 Fromhttp//www.whitehouse.gov/news/releases/2003/03/20030317-7.htmlDean, J. 2003 lacking(p) Weapons of Mass Destruction Retrieved 5- 11-08 fromhttp//writ.news.findlaw.com/dean/20030606.htmlPrados, J. 2004 Tonkin Gulf Intelligence Skewed Retrieved 5-10-08 From

The Purpose of Initial Assessment and What Kind of Methods Could Be Used Essay Example for Free

The Purpose of Initial Assessment and What Kind of Methods Could Be Used EssayThe purpose of an sign mind is to firstly, make sure that a prentice loafer enter the programme of study at a level that is appropriate to them. Secondly, these assessments in any case allow the savant to be able to plan their individual achievable learning goals. These initial assessments provide become the frame fix of learners ILPs (individual Learning Plans).They will likewise plug that the learner provider and tutor can identify the gaps in learning so bingler rather than later. It should go with step up saying that providers indigence the best for learners, its unspoilt as important that learners should know right from the start that they are entitled to the best for themselves. (readingroom ,online) This demonstrates the importance of the initial assessment and its results ache on an individual learners development. Initial Assessment are what they are, they are just the beginning an d become a tailor made plan which then becomes a zippy fiber of the teaching and learning for the learner and provider alike.Assessment helps to set clear expectations for standards and achievement. CFBT, 2011,p10 . ) Initial assessment therefore ensures that there can be overture as it besides allows learners themselves to see and develop on strengths and weaknesses from the outset. One can also suggest that these initial assessments are a motivational tool too, so that not only can the provider plan for the end goal but also that a learner can readily see that the results from initial assessments are used to determine achievable goals thus eyesight that the overall seam outcomes are achievable. in that location are several methods in which initial assessments can be escorted.An initial interview gives a basic knowledge and is seen as a good indicator about the suitability of the learner, for example, what they have achieved in the past, what they want to achieve but as the se are sometimes done prior to qualification results, this would not always produce a true reflection of a learners ability. Therefore a programme of induction following the interview and acceptance would ensure the learner can be fully assessed and ascertain not only the level they are working to but also any help that is required is in place from the beginning.Skills based testing is a common initial assessment tool. Learners take online or written assessments and the results ascertain their levels they are currently working on, further more specific diagnostic test homes in on the gaps in their skills. This method is effective and can give providers and tutors a general scale of ability, however one can argue that the results can also be misleading , for example if a learner has rushed or guessed part the assessment then the results would not be true reflection of the learners ability. BKSB is one of these online skills providers, used by many colleges.BKSB cover learners initial skills testing in literacy, numeracy and ICT, as well as diagnostic. However it can be argued that whilst convenient, for example, instant results and no marking by tutors and also identifies the specific subject knowledge and gaps , it can miss special needs problems such as dyslexia. another(prenominal) initial assessment undertaken may include looking at a learner preferred learning style commonly known as VAK , visual,( seeing and reading), auditory ( listening and speaking and kinaesthetic ( Touching and doing) .These are basically different ways of learning and be achieved through completion of questionnaires. This assessment is merry and is an integral part in the learner and tutors planning. Ensuring that your learners preferred style is embedded in the lesson plan (differentiation) can ensure that the learners motivation is continued. There are no right and wrong answers but in some cases there is not always a clear result, many learners may have a mix.However this could be seen as a positive when teaching a larger group as you can embed all trinity learning styles ensuring that a larger number will participate therefore keeping learners motivated and achieving goals and also progressing. Arguably you could suggest that the most important part of initial assessment is giving feed back to the learner of the results. This as we have said previously allows the learner to set themselves achievable goals. They have maybe already learnt things about themselves that they didnt know. For example what their preferred style is.The advantage of this feedback session is that both learner and tutor have set clear compliant targets and goals. This is turn can be seen as a motivational tool for the learner as they have been part of the process and know what is expected from them. This also instils the motivation for the teacher to make sure that the learner can achieve their goals Regular reviews, target setting and referring to the initial assessments target setting is vital in ensuring a learner remains motivated, Learners will achieve if they can see themselves progressing.Smart targets therefore are an achievable and motivational tool as it will ensure that targets are met in an expected time frame. According to Reid (2007 pg. 14) motivation should be intrinsic, which means that a learner should be self-motivated. If the initial assessments have been managed efficaciously then they become the perfect platform for the Reids ideas, as the assessments are set up to insure that a learner as contributed to the target setting. Reid also states that a car will not run without fuel, therefore a child wont learn without motivation. (Reid 2007 pg. 4). Although aimed at younger children the ethos is the same in that even old learners need to be fed relevant facts in order to progress and reach goals.One could also suggest though that the older the learner is the harder it is to motivate as in some circumstances a lower self-esteem is more evi dent than in younger children, for example those leaners within foundation learning projects for example. If one uses foundation learning as an example, then motivating them becomes a juggling act as you have to employ strategies that would work over a mixed ability group.Characteristics of a group also play an important part of motivation. One main point is setting out a clear aim and objective of a days lessons. Learners then have an expectation of what is expected from them. Tutors must ensure there is a mix of learning skills. For example, the shyer, less confident learners might not want to join in with the speaking and listening task but then if you contact lens it up with a task the quieter ones can excel at then you can continue to keep motivation going whilst also covering more challenging areas.This also is ensuring that you are achieving their goals but also their learning style patterns as stated in the leaners initial assessments. Feedback is vital and is especially i mportant when gain the end of a session or a unit of work and must include the completion of any smart targets reached, and then new ones to be set with the leaner thus detailing progress and keep motivation going.To ensure learners are kept motivated and achieving their goals, then there are of course many other strategies and theories. However the vital point remains that with the initial assessments and subsequent ILRs, regular reviews with providers or tutors learners will hopefully continue to motivate themselves by seeing that they have achieved goals set, furthermore with every new set of new goals learners can see the on-going progression and therefore motivation to succeed continues.

How Procter And Gamble Manages Business Essay

How Procter And Gamble Manages Business EssayNowadays every crease is trying to expand its market to the world. There are many factors that help the alliance to achieve in the business world much(prenominal) as generating unused wares, a good marketing plan and knowing the important factor of cultural diversity in each country. Procter and Gamble (PG) is one of the most self-made companies in the world. Resulting from effective business operation through cultural diversity, PG has become one of the most successful organizations. PG is the largest consumer goods production company in the world and wellhead known around the world with a long history. PG is concerned about cultural diversity and they place an importance on it. Robert Mcdonald, Chairman of the Board, President and chief executive officer and Linda Clement-Holmes, Past Chief Diversity Officer, and Senior Vice President, Global Business Service mention that Even during a challenging business climate, Diversity co mprehension remains a key priority. We believe diversity and inclusion is a competitive advantage.1Therefore PG is a good example in the education of boylike business workers and other companies to succeed in international business. This paper focuses on the issue of a world(prenominal) manpower by relating how PG manages a global hands and remains successful in international business.II. Company OverviewProcter and Gamble (PG) is a company focused on consumer goods production. The company provides brands and packages goods involved in Beauty, Grooming and folk Care. The company was founded by William Procter and James Gamble in 1837 and is headquartered in Cincinnati, Ohio. PG is the largest company in the world that serves 4.6 billion consumers globally, produces and markets more than 300 brands and sells in more than one hundred eighty countries. To better support the global marketplace, PG divided their geographic structure into four regions North America, Asia, Latin Amer ica, and Europe/Middle East/ Africa.2PGs HistoryWilliam Procter who was candle churchman and James Gamble who was soap maker both of them immigrated from England and Ireland. They are located to Cincinnati Ohio. After that, their father-in-law persuaded them to joins a business partners. Therefore, Procter and Gamble was founded in 1837.3In the 1880s, the company produced a new product named Ivory. Ivory was a cheap soap that did not sink in water. During the American Civil War in 1858-1859, the company sign to provide the Union Army with soap from Procter and Gamble. In addition, to addition profit and product demand, it developed a mint of product lines that were related to soap such as for hair, laundry and dishwashers.4Moreover, in 1887, PG began a profit sharing architectural plan for company workers. This course of instruction helped the workforce join their crucial duty with the companys success.5In 1915, PG started to name factories outside the United States because o f the demand for products. PG opened another product facility in Canada for soap and Crisco.6Radio grew more popular in the 1920s and 1930s, and PG sponsored receiving set programs. That is the origin of the word soap operas. Moreover, PG is the first company to manage data based market research with customers. This research helps the company enhance customer perceptiveness and respond to consumer needs.7PG is the first company that instituted the Consumer Relations Department to respond and connect with the consumer in 1941. In addition, in 1973, the company created a toll-free phone repress an e- mail in the 1980s to break customers ability to contact the company.8In 1984 PG was one of the top 100 Best companies to work. Each year, the company receives many global honors for diversity, take account, and improvement of lives.9PG obtained the honors from the U.S. Governments National Medal of Technology in 1996. Since PG is the company that improved and created advance technolo gy for response to the consumer needs.10In 2010, PG understood the consumer needs and created the modernization program for help touch, on consumers needs. This enhanced consumers lives to complete the companys goal. Moreover, PG was one of the sponsors of the London Olympic Games in 2012.11ProductsFor more than 170 years, PG has provided 50 miteing brands around the world and 25 brands build more than $1 billion in annual sales. About 4.6 billion consumers use PG products every day. For consumers better life style and brand loyalty, PG tries to improve their products by law-abiding and testing in order to get the best suitable products for their customers. PGs brands can be divided into two groups Beauty and Grooming and habitation Care. The top products include the following12Beauty and Grooming Gillette, Olay, SKII, Head and Shoulders, Herbal Essences, Pantene, Rejoice, Safeguard, Always Ivory, Oral-B, Gucci Fragrances, Dolce Gabbana Cosmetic and CoverGirl.Household Care Dur acell, Mr. clean, Swiffer, Pampers, Tide, Downy, Dash and Gain.13Figure 1 PG Popular Products14PG SWOT Analysis15StrengthsMost important market position gathered on a convincing brand portfolioSignificant RD and marketing investments c toucheless cash productivityWeaknessHigh instance of product recallsOpportunitiesFuture sum up plans with focus on growth attention on its essential openhanded business and improving its consumers baseIncrease investment in production ability in developing countriesThreatsRising inflation could cause considerable increase in the work costFake goodsSWOT Analysis OverviewPG is the largest consumer products company in the world. From past until now PG still leading market position collected on a strong brand portfolio with incomes of $78,938 million and serves products to 4.2 billion people. Moreover, PG also provided significant research and development and marketing investment to investigation the products for respond the market. PG invested a lot of money with RD part and marketing. The company use RD by attempt to connect with customer around the world for research and learn customer demeanor and focused on consumer thought.16However, PG is the company with a contrast kind of product and large size but sometimes mistakes can happen in production. whatever product brands are often recalled such as in November 2009 PG recalled Vicks Sine X nasal spray from Germany, UK and US because of the company found bacteria B. Cepa cia from product that produce in Germany. Later in March 2010 PG recalled Pringles the potato ship because of Food and Drug Administration (FDA) found the Salmonella bacteria that cause of hazard with healthy. ingeminate products are often recalled cause the company less in consumer trust and impact with company financial.17Moreover in the future PG has plan to focused on growth attention on its essential good-looking business and improving its consumer base for maintain the company that largest consumer pro duct in the world.The attractive point from psychoanalysis is how PG adapt and develop diversity challenges to be its strength for improve business becomes to strength business strategies and develop products for respond consumer around the world.The particular issue the company has to face in global workforceOver its 175 -year history and professional background, the other factors that make PG success in the world is gain with its employees, consumers manner and purification diversity. Although PG is an American company but it has strong growth from the mid 1940s to 2000 on international. PG products are obtainable in North America, Latin America, telephone exchange and Eastern Europe, Western Europe, the Middle East, Africa, Asia, New Zealand and Australia.18Therefore the one essential challenge of PG is a Global Workforce.Although PG has encounter with global workforce and culture diversity, understanding the difference and issue of culture diversity and context of use of international business can help PG is successful in global market. Moreover company must(prenominal) have learned how to improve and how to solve the issue to the company for success in business world.When the company destinys to work in different culture, employees must have to understand and consider about the culture in each country. Employee should be considered which country is low context or high context by observing the people behavior in each country. If the employees understand the culture and known how it contrast with each other it is the important step to complete intercultural proficiency and increase ability to working in global workplace.19If the company wants to be successful in global business, there are various types of behavior suggestion that should be applied and avoided in order to increase a performance of intercultural communication. Therefore, the following recommendations will help the company improve and develop the culture diversity restraint for compa ny successful in international business.Obstacle of intercultural communication20Stereotype is a distorted attitude of groups of people related to their race, nationality and sexual orientation. As stereotypes lead to bias and disregarded the diversity within groups, stereotypes should be avoided.Prejudice is an aggressive attitude about some people or group of people. Prejudice is not based on experience but based on misunderstanding and generalization.Ethnocentrism is belief in your own culture that right, reasonable and better than the other cultures. disagreement is the obvious action to except, bypass or break up oneself from the other groups.Language Differences is people who from different culture or different country whitethorn pick up the vocabulary of a new culture. This situation lead to misunderstanding mingled with people.Suggestions for develop communication among diverse work place audiences21 stress training. Particularly in international organizations that face to diversity riddles. Companies should provide training to employees about workforce diversity and increase employees skill about intercultural communication.Understand the value of differences. Diversity makes n organization creative. If the company recognizes the difference and importance of each customer groups, the company will be able to run it.Make fewer assumptions. Companies should not assume that all customers wants the same products or like the same products. Companies should produce product variety for customers option.The Companys solution to the issues How PG manages a global workforceHow PG confine suggestions for develop communication among diverse workplace audiences with the PGs case.Seek trainingIn order to understand the culture and behavior of customers is not easy because different culture, difference group and difference age it makes different demand of customers. Therefore PG recognizes the importance of employees diversity training. At PG diversity training is one part of management programs that pardon different about diversity attitude that make the company successful.22PGs employees must learn the goodness of diversity culture through program called Cultures At Work. This program is taught about culture context that consist of high context cultures such as Asia cultures are more likely thoughtful and instinctive and low context cultures such as German and North American communicators are more likely to use linear logic.23Understand the value of differenceA lot of companies such as Wal-Mart must failed when expand the branch to foreign country because of culture diversity. Like PG the important problems of PG are face with diversity workers and communication problem in international employees. The essential of company strategy PG want to support employees culture diversity by established the seven corporate affinity groups for understand about workers culture and behavior in each group. Corporate affinity groups are consist of African Ancestry leadership Network (AALN), Corporate Womens Leadership squad (CWLT), Gay, Ally, Lesbian, Bisexual and Transgender Employees (GABLE), Asian Pacific American Leadership Team (APALT), Hispanic Leadership Team (HLT), Native American Indian Leadership Team (NAILT), and People with Disabilities (PWD).24PG understand the value of diversity board chief. Thus 11 board members of PG are consist of two are Black, one is Asian, one is Hispanic and four are women.25Make fewer assumptions.Procter and Gamble avoid the idea that the product is available in one country will be available to other countries. From errors in the past such as in Mexico PG produced the Downy Single Rinse this product help to clean tog. However PG did not compute about the differences washed clothes way between American customers and Mexican customers. American use washing machine while Mexican washed clothes in rivers. Therefore, this product was failed in Mexico from this case it makes the PG try to researc h customer behavior and exert time and money for explore target market.26As a result, PG design to run the Living It feed in order to authorize company workers to live with consumers in their home, go to shopping with consumers for notice consumer behavior when they want to buy some products. Moreover, PG design another associated campaign Working It campaign in order to support Living It campaign by company workers hang out the small shop and observation about shopper behavior and products in shelves for assemble information and bring it to develop company product in the future.27From this campaign bring the PG become to success in the business market and can expand the product through a lot of countries.ConclusionPG global workforce problem can be solved by the company tries to understanding and developing the culture diversity and international communication. Another factors that makes the PG complete in global market is research the customer behavior, develop and improve the pr oduct that support the customer want. As many of cases of the past PG always to researches and studies about customer culture in each country and develop the new products for support the customer and find the way to run business across cultural. In addition, PG applying the methods for enhancing communication between diverse workplace that help the company to handle with the problem of the global workplace and improve employees ability to work in international market.

Community Relations of MAS holdings

Community Relations of MAS holdingsIn any(prenominal) connective, the greatest challenge is managing the worry sector. To support this end, a beau mondes relationship with the association plays a pivotal role. In terms of corporate social responsibility MAS Holdings has done a considerable amount of work towards uplifting Sri Lankans in a social context. It has in addition worked to save customer affection done achieving their targets and moderateing customer compliance standards by ensuring the employees work in a safe operative environment. This report illustrates MAS Holdings relationship with the community and provides recommendations for improve community throng relationships for business well-being.Company BackgroundMAS Holdings is a phoner, which has focused on the apparel manufacturing business for the last 20 years. It has great victor to encounter with a consolidated turnover of approximately more than 400 million USD and has a massive growth in operations . The majority of the success has been achieved inwardly the US market, which accounts for almost 60% of sales. Europe and UK provides the majority of the balance. In terms of customer focus, the company gains 50-55% of turnover from Victoria Secret, 14% from Gap another 10% from mark Spencer. In terms of global presence, the company is present in more than 5 locations globally, including China, Vietnam, Indonesia, Mexico, India, Hong Kong, United Kingdom, Maldives and US. The company is build of multiple investments mostly in the take a hop of joint ventures in Intimate Apparel Manufacturing, Elastic Manufacturing, Knit Fabrics, Lace, Bra Accessories and recently Design Development.Key stakeholders and their level of influence and impact on the company2a). Benefits of stakeholders analysis for MAS HoldingsUndertaking a taking stakeholder analysis benefits the company as follows,Opportunity to identify the intimacy of the all stakeholders on the companyRecognizing the group s that affect or affected by the companyThe reason level of each stakeholder and charges to reduce negative impact on the companyIdentifying the stakeholders who pro want decrease association with MAS and getting them pertain in company events at particular stagesIdentify potential issues that might disrupt the companyIt also helps to visualize the risk factors and visualize strategic responses2b). Key community groups and their impact on the companyStakeholder mapping provides insight in to which parties be possessed of the most impact on the company (See adjunct 2). Described below is the influence and impact of each stakeholder.CEO and The Board of Directors (High hobby + High Power)This includes companys major players and potential stakeholders. In it consists of the chairperson, Mahesh Amalean and the board of broadcastors which includes the other deuce Amalean brothers and 7 directors. (Refer appendix 2 figure)From the beginning MAS was a benchmark for being a superio r employer. All the main key players of the company are trustworthy for sustain susceptibility in community development. By reflexioning at the signifi bay windowt steps that have been taken by them to develop the community and their employees it is clear that they have made a big difference. As per Ajay Amalean it was the right thing to do. We had absolutely no idea that 20 years down the road, the things we were doing would be called CSR.Venture Capital and Customers of (High Interest + High Power)According to the power participation mix (Refer appendix 2 Figure 2) there is a clear indication that this is a category with higher(prenominal) interest and power. With come let out these key individuals or groups, such as joint ventures, with Speedo and strategic partners such as Nike, Makes Spencer, Victorias Secret and Gap MAS Holdings part of the business operations would not have its current success.When MS selected MAS for their parking area manufacturing plant project (As mentioned in appendix 2 page ii) it demonstrated their recognition as a global customer that MAS is an organization that is conscious of environmental and social sustainability. This recognition allow for results in better relationship with worlds direct brands that are under pressure to maintain sustainability and it leave alone help to maximize the profit of the company by deplumateing new customers and through customer retention.Employees (High Interest + Low Power)The higher management at MAS Holdings has treated its employee objectives which are called as KPIs (Key performance indicators). However the drivers of these main KPIs are the employees themselves. It is noticeable in the Mendelows matrix (Refer appendix 2 Figure 2) this category holds high interest and low power on decision making. This group includes the executives and the machine operators of the company.In MAS, 92% of the employees are women. Focusing the women in the company MAS has launched an puting broa dcast which is called Women Go beyond (Refer appendix 2 page v). The men, who are on the job(p) at MAS, enjoy the same benefits as women. These activities result in company growth through employee attraction and retention. Thus recruiting process is easier and the annual labor turnover is much less. As mentioned in appendix 2 these activities also results in higher fruitivity of operations, which is a one of the main achievements of a manufacturing plant.Community ( Low Interest + Low Power )As mentioned in the mendelows matrix this category has a low interest and a power, but the company point of view its important to have a close relationship with the communities MAS operators. Hence they need more man power for their operations and its a great advantage when having a close relationship with the community specially in recruiting populate and also in retaining them which entrust be discussed future in the report.How MAS use relationship selling and approach the community thro ugh its concept3a). Relationship marketingRelationship marketing refers to all marketing activities directed towards establishing, maturation and maintaining successful relational exchangesMorgan hunt 1994It is important to understand the benefits of maintaining unplayful relationships with the community groups. Not only in FMCG companies but also within business to business companies, manufacturing plants benefit by having close relationships with the community groups that are relevant to them through the practice of sustainability within these communities. Though it doesnt have a direct impact on the company with regards to profits, sustainability, helps to increase the company standards, re projectation and profits in a way that is mutually beneficial to the community and the company. By developing such enduring relationships the company can gain trust within the community, build employee commitment and loyalty towards the company. These things generate long lasting benefits to the company. MAS Holdings is a company that gets these positive results out of such community relationships.3b). What MAS Holdings does to attract their community groups and reach their heartsWhen building a relationship it should be done from a crew of Trust, commitment and cooperation.TrustAccording to Morgan hunt trust is defined as confidence in an exchange partners reliability and integrityTrust can be seen as a long term investment for the business. It works as glue in building business relationships with all stakeholders. Building trust among the customers and suppliers of go forth allow the MAS business to gain the upper hand to improve business with the US and European countries.In the same way MAS holdings most important resource is labor. As mentioned before 92% of the employees are women. Sri Lankan women are very particular in selecting the working place. Considering the culture, tradition of Sri Lanka, its important for women to have a safe working environment i n manufacturing plants which will enhance their trust and the trust of the community. For an instance when started prototypical EPZ in Katunayake and the country is declared as a at large(p) wad area most of investors started garment factories in those areas. 90% of the works beget women, most or 18 25 of age and they came from rural area of the country, lived in boarding houses near the factory. In this period most of the employees suffered from sexual harassment and assault. They also had long working hours even without prior notice. Breaking through these grayish clouds MAS run short one of the outstrip employers in Sri Lanka by creating a safe working environment. In addition the Amalean brothers made sure that their work force worked in an air conditioned environment, had free meals, and were given transportation to and from the factory.CommitmentThis is one the most important element which confirms relationship marketing. As per Morgan and hunt, commitment is an endur ing proclivity to maintain a valued relationship (Morgan and Hunt 1994, 23) Commitment could be considered in different ways, 1.Commitment towards the organization by the employees, commitment towards the brand or the product also the commitment towards the community etc.In order to foster this commitment MAS Holdings, created incentives based on service period giving gold coins to employees that had undefiled 5 years of service, providing increments each year so that an employee knew that if they stayed one more year their salary would increase and giving bonuses based on performance which promote the employees to be committed to continuous improvement.Co-operation with community groupsIn order for a business to operate in a geographic location it is important that the people living there are ready to accept the presence of this business. As MAS Holdings has many plants in many locations it has found it useful to co-operate with various community groups in order to establish thei r presence.For example through the Shadeline factory in the remote area of Mahiyanganaya, various projects were undertaken. These included assistance in building houses livelihood for patriarchal education and assistance in social welfare. Some of the community assistance was provided through the Buddhist synagogue in the area which provided access to large portions of the community. shape up to that association with the topical anaesthetic police and welfare societies provided inroads to the lives of the people.The Level of influence and impact applied by pressure groups on MAS Holdings4a. Pressure groupsPressure groups are organizations that assay to influence government the public and private business or arouse a cause. Often they advance a political or ideological goal. These groups can be placed in to two main categories.Sectional Pressure groups causative Pressure groups4b. Sectional Pressure groupsSectional pressure groups represent a section of society. The pressure c ause by these groups is often directly beneficial to the fractions.Religious groups (High impact) -Often in the rural areas of Sri Lanka where several of the MAS Factories are situated the Buddhist temple in that area is the central meeting place and many decisions are made there. MAS as an organization is encouraged to follow the local customs and heathen habits.The Employers Federation (High impact) -is a legal organization that MAS is part of. Adhering to the guidelines set by this organization is beneficial for MAS Holdings goal of ethical hiring and employment4c. Causal Pressure groupsCausal Pressure groups are associated with a set of ideas rather than people. The agendas they pursue may not be directly beneficial to their members.As a member of accredited key groups MAS must adhere to standards they set. Some of these are listed belowThe Joint Apparel stand Forum (JAAF) (Low impact) is the leading umbrella organization concerning the apparel industry in Sri Lanka. Makin g Sri Lanka the number one ethical destination for garment manufacturing (the Garments without Guilt initiative) is one of its chief objectives. MAS Holdings is a special invitee to this Forum and is judge to conform to the directives set by this forum.Several milling machinery organizations are part of the JAAF.FAAMA Fabric Apparel Accessory Manufacturers AssociationFTZMA Free Trade Zone Manufacturers AssociationNAEA Apparel Exporters AssociationSLAEA Sri Lanka Apparel Exporters AssociationSLCGE Sri Lanka Chamber of Garment ExportersSLGBOA Sri Lanka Garment Buying Offices AssociationVarious SBUs of MAS Holdings are involved in many of these sub organizations as well.Worldwide Responsible Accredited Production (WRAP) (High impact) -MAS Holdings is a member of and must adhere to their standards as well.The Board of Investment of Sri Lanka (Low impact) As a member MAS must adhere to certain standards.While these organizations are quite influential in Sri Lanka, MAS has lead th e way in Ethical and Responsible employment therefore it is MAS that often sets the standards for these organizations.New communities that MAS can expand their services fro the betterment of the societyIn the tradition of MAS to lead in the area of CSR in Sri Lanka and sometimes the world, this could be taken for further by analyzing new community groups will always give the opportunity to connect to the community.Its proven that MAS is one of the fast growing companies in the world. Its very important to have a good relationship with the local government, society that they operators since it need more man power and carry out their operations in the respective communities.MAS has been doing all community projects targeting the employees and society such as women go beyond and other CSR activities (Refer appendix 2, page v vi). It needfully to look in to future prospect in terms of building a close relationship and the target audiences of the new community groups are,Skilled futur e genesis for SrilankaTarget Group -School leavers of MAS employeesProviding educational opportunities to the community in areas of English language education and ITLets tally the importance of environmental sustainabilityTarget Group -Schools (Students)Achieving sustainability Practicing and teaching environmental sustainability4 a) Why MAS should choose these two community groupsSince MAS is targeting on the community itself it gives greater results to the company and the country when considering future leaders, minds in the country. By providing education which is required in the current business world it helps the young extension to foundation their calling paths. By creating a strong and stable generation, it will eventually strengthen the communities of Srilanka, starting from the area that, MAS manufacturing plants operators. This will also benefit the country. When face company point of view this programme will not directly impact, but this will increase imagine and the good will of MAS among the communities which will help the company in recruitments and also in retaining employees.As per the 2nd community group, by lot the schools and spreading the massage about the importance of environmental sustainability by teaching them from their small ages it will give a give impact in their face-to-face lifes as well as the country, environment. Also as mentioned before by establishing the name of MAS in their hearts by doing a worthwhile project to their lifes and the community MAS always be company that is socially responsible. Hence most of the MAS customers are particular on the CRS projects that MAS does, these kinds of projects gives positive marks and will strength the relationship with the customers as one of the responsible suppliers in the world which will attract more customers around the world.4b Skilled Future generation for SrilankaProviding educational opportunities to the community in areas of English language education and ITMAS co mpetes in the global market and deals mainly with the US and Europe. In order to communicate with its customers the most relevant language is English. No business that is global can survive without information. MAS recognized this need early in the game and is dependent on Information Technology for all information needs both internal and external. While there have been government initiatives to foster the teaching of English and IT these have often failed due to a lack of funding or will power. Having a community that is fluent in English and adept in IT provides MAS with a greater pool of individuals to select from for employment.Before looking at the all the school leavers MAS could target on the family members of employees at MAS. The selection criteria of this could a relative of a employee at MAS, who is 18 -27 age and has completed G.C.E advance level 2 passes and unemployed. While providing primary education to these communities can be carried out by supporting the governmen t initiatives, family members of employees can be chosen out of the community to provide scholarships for further education. In this way MAS can give back to those who support the business while building trust, commitment and sustainability in the community.4c Lets learn the importance of purlieual sustainabilityAchieving sustainability Practicing and teaching Environmental sustainabilityMAS was the first company to recognize the need for Environmental sustainability as a key global concept and put this knowledge into action by creating the first green plant in Sri Lanka. In order to take this message to the community in general MAS will have to create alive(predicate)ness and provide education. Currently there is no provision in the Sri Lankan school curriculum to teach environmental sustainability.Target group could be taken as 15-18 year old students hence it is the best age group that can be thought the importance of environmental sustainability and make it their way of life. To communicate this massage to the selected audience would be schools which are located in the areas that MAS manufacturing plants. As this area of education is most relevant to the future generation it is important that this area of study be included in the Schools curriculum. It is possible that MAS can team up with experts in the field from the United Nations Environment political program (UNEP) to get government approval and support to introduce this vital area of education. By conducting this program in schools, MAS is creating educated youth to the community and also who will be a example to the society and a person who carries a massage on how important sustainable development. These will also benefits MAS indirectly by establish a reputation among the community which the plant operates.Coordinated Communications mix for new community groups projectsIn order to have success in these two ventures it will be necessary to have a coordinated communication plan. The communica tion theory mix must target all the relevant stakeholders. As these are non-profit initiatives the communications mix must be adapted to suit the situationInternal stakeholders Management, EmployeesExternal stakeholders- Community, Government, Partners, Customers5a. Internal stakeholdersManagementIn order for both these initiatives to be successful the management must be aware of them and back them. As most of the decisions for funding will come from this group of individuals it is recommended that direct get hold of is made (personal selling) and the use of presentations would be advisable.An e-newsletter sent directly to their e-mail account and linked to a website with Links on Facebook and Twitter will provide them with any additional information they need and provide regular updates on the status of these projects.Management can also form a committee or working group to oversee and monitor the process of teaching and the progress of these initiatives. This group will report b ack to the management.EmployeesThe employees too can receive the same newsletter and management can communicate the needs and progress to the employees at meetings. Making it possible for the employees to get involved in the teaching programs and funding is also recommended so that there is a greater employee ownership for these initiatives.5b. External stakeholdersCommunityBy far the most effort and resources must go to making the community aware of these initiatives and the benefit thereof. While the employees in the community will take part of the message by word of mouth assuring that the correct communication is conveyed will require further effort on the part of MAS Holdings.At the inception of these initiatives the best option would be to start with a public relations suit which includes press conferences, announcements at town meetings and branding. Having a Brand ambassador (such as one of the members of the Sri Lankan cricket team that work for MAS and are highly regarded by both urban and rural communities)would give a face to these initiatives.The most important part of these communities are the individuals that will receive the benefits of these programs. The teachers and students will receive their curriculum via an pass government syllabus. But programs and workshops can be organized (personal selling) to assure that quality information is available to theses two groups. Having exams to streak English and IT competency and contests to select the best idea for environmental friendliness with prizes awarded t best student or best idea will assure the students interest in these subjects (promotions).GovernmentThe shareholders of MAS have demonstrated their goodwill and capability they will not find it difficult to obtain government approval for these initiatives. Recently the government too took the stand that the way forward is through English education and IT. Furthermore if it is demonstrated to them that environmental sustainability is the w ay forward they too will join the process of becoming green direct selling is the most efficient method of communication here.PartnersA great strength of MAS in carrying out a project is working unneurotic with partners who have the expertise. Involving The British Council for English education, Microsofts teaching services for fundamental IT education would provide a first step in these areas. For environmental sustainability United Nations Environment Program (UNEP), the Consumer Citizenship Networks (CCN) and the Looking for Likely Alternatives (LOLA) toolkit provide information and know-how. Having joint ventures with the above organizations would be beneficial to MAS and will lean credibility to the efforts.CustomersMany customers are provoke in the CSR projects undertaken by MAS. In MAS communiqus it is possible to include the websites and social networking sites so that the customers can access more information about these projects. Allowing the customers to get involved th rough sponsorship will afford them an opportunity to pass on to their customers or the end customer the knowledge that they are not only receiving guilt free environmentally friendly products but also part of the purchase is going towards community building and the education of the less fortunate. The garments could carry labels such as produced in eco-friendly factories, or your purchase provides for the education of a child in Sri Lanka.Measuring the success of the communications mix for both new community relationshipsIn order to measure the success of the communications mix the standard evaluation criteria must be adapted to reflect the non-profit nature of this venture.Quantitative MeasuresManagements and employees contribution both financially and through time allocation can be easily quantified. That can then be used as an indicator of the success of the marketing communications.In the long run the number of individuals that are retained by MAS that have attended these progra ms can be counted and both the success of the internal communication strategy and the success of the programs can be evaluated.Community awareness can be measured by the number of individuals attending the programs. Also the exams that are held for the individuals and the response to the contests will give an indication of the success of the community communication strategy. Using benchmarking tools that the partners have developed over the years it may be possible to measure the success of the communications that have been carried out.For Government, Partners and Customers the main indication of the success of the communication strategy will be their financial participation. Targets must be set for the anticipated contribution and cadence the success of achieving these targets will give a clear indication of the said success.Hits on the website can also be used to quantify interest and communication success.Qualitative MeasuresFeedback can be obtained from Management and Employees as to their perception of the programs through an e-mail survey.Feedback can also be obtained from the students to ascertain their perceptions and attitudes towards the program. Furthermore community inquiries regarding the program can be accumulated and categorized to measure and determine the success of the communications mix.Conversations with the partners and customers can indicate their observations and thoughts on the endeavor. All this information can be used to measure the success of the marketing mix.RecommendationContinue doing community projects more which will support to sustain the relationship with the community and will also visualize the organization as a good responsible citizenInternally set key performance indicators to measure the amount of CSR projects completed and the quality of the program and the no.of impacts in order to understand value of the programs and can forecast the type programs should given to the communityConduct programs for male members in the company while carrying out women go beyond for the female team members to all employees motivatedManage communication campaigns to the new community groups in a strategic way to attract them to the projects conducted and built trustworthiness among the companyPrepare booklets, including CSR projects that has made a difference in the community and also use modern technology to spread the good will of MAS holdings and attract customersAlways keep the employees informed on the CRS projects that are done by the company and make feel them that they work for a socially responsible organizationImplement a system to collect feedback from all the participants of the CSR projects. Also for new ideas for new projects from employees as well as external groups terminalIts very important to maintain a mutually beneficial relationship all the stakeholders since each of them are directly or indirectly involve with the company. MAS has become one of the best multinational companies in terms of busi ness also in community relationships they have maintained. By establishing a good reputation among the communities they operators, local government, customers also the pressure groups it has been easy to execute their business activities anywhere in the country and the world.ReferencesAppendix 1Company BackgroundIt was in 1987 when the three brothers, Mahesh, Sherad and Ajay Amaleans took their first step to begin as a small entrepreneurial and to make it one of the largest south Asian intimate apparel manufacture and a belligerent sportswear provider in the region. Now a company, with an annual turnover of USD 700 million. MAS Holdings which operates globally includes design studios, and 28 world class manufacturing plants. Thus giving career opportunities for over 45000 people to, excel through their talents and capabilities. MAS Holdings consists of quaternary main divisions namely Intimates, Active, Fabrics, and Investment which are overseen by Corporate Solutions which centra lizes the operation in all four strategic business units. Furthermore MAS Holdings has taken a step forward by launching its own lingerie brand Amante in fall 2007 and have made it their strategy to be the premium lingerie brand in Asian region.Vision and the Mission ofVisionNo.1 preferred partner of the world is leading brands of Intimates Sportswear with a turnover of USD 1Bn by 2010MissionWe provide the worlds leading brands of Intimates Sportswear with reliable innovative design to deliver solutions.Strategic partners and customer portfolioMAS has become one of the strategic vendor for some of the best brands in the world such as Victorias Secret, Nike and Marks Spencer also it services other global brands as Adidas, Reebok, Columbia, Lulu lemon, Banana Republic, Ann Taylor, Lane Bryant, Soma Intimates, GAP and Speedo and much more. Victorias Secret Stores and Nike selected MAS as Vendor Partner of the Year 2006.One of the key factors of MAS success is the ability to forge p artnerships with the leaders if the industry such as The Limited Inc,Triumph International, Speedo International, Stretchline UK, Noyon Dentelles, Prym Intimates Group, Dogi International, Textprint SA and Brandot International.Product range portfolioMAS products can be categorized as below.Competitors of and the market partAs a large manufacturing company MAS has international and local competitors. Internationally competitors would be Ace which is a large intimate manufactures in Hong Kong, Clover, Luen Thai which operates in several countries and Tefrone the main competitor in the seamless market and Brandix apparel which is the local rival.Victoria secret positions MAS as their main preferred vendor and the company is regarded as one of the the top 10 intimate manufactures in the world.Analyzing all the information motioned above its clear that MAS holding is a successfully driven family owned company. The brothers decided to stick to their joint venture criteria of choosing p artners who brought in technology expertise, marketing knowledge or access to certain markets.Background for Best Ethical practicesMAS holdings as a history of ethical business practices that predate the concept of CSR. In addition, it ensures a healthy and safe work place, which regarded as a good business practice. However, the ethical approach to manufacturing is setting the organization apart from the competitive apparel sector. To support the vision of itself developed their own CSR strategy called MAS Go beyond, this program empower the organizations 92% of the female workforce also develop a sustainability-mined n youth, future employees and leaders of the organization.Source Company website, Researches on the web, Company Magazines

Emotional intelligence three schools of thought

Emotional intelligence three schools of thoughtEmotional intelligence. What is it and what role does it play in work and life in force(p)ness? Is stirred up intelligence clean a repackaging of quite a little skills in scientific clothing? Research suggests it is not. Academics and business people a like be intrigued by the possibility that emotional intelligence is a distinctive and measurable form of intelligence that is alpha to success as a leader. But how important is it to effective leadinghip? Are there whatsoever aspects of emotional intelligence that are more important than others? And, importantly are there any downsides to having too high an EQ?What is Emotional Intelligence?From the round of the research there is no proper consensus well-nigh what actually emotional intelligence constitute.According to the research there are 3 schools of thoughy1)First school of thought like Goleman 1998 thinks factors influencing emotions and intelligence as initiative,self conf idence and drive for results2)Second school of thought like Bar-On 1997 view emotional intelligence as a personalizedity dimension,like extroversion, agreeableness, and emotional stability.3)Third school of thought like Mayor,Dipaolo thinks that emotional intelligence is the set of abilities which constitutes the capacity of the person to understand,reason close and how to use emotions to think and act.All three share a fault in terms of measuring leadership effectiveness. The tests are designed to assess specific aptitudes, traits, abilities, or behaviors thought to relate to emotional intelligence, but without want as to how those may relate to success in particular situations.This is also the fundamental flaw in how emotional intelligence is being applied to effective leadership we are beginning with competing constructs of emotional intelligence and attempting to relate them to leadership success, instead of going the other way around. We are, in effect, looking through the handle end of the telescope at leadership performance.How impressive Leaders DemonstrateEmotional IntelligenceAt Cambria Consulting, we have taken the approach advocated by McClelland get word the most effective leaders and study what renders them different from the average. During the past 30 years, we have observed and interviewed over 1000 highly effective senior managers and executives in prominent Fortune 500 companies, federal agencies, nonprofits and the military..Based on this research, we have noted several decisive aspects of emotional intelligence that are highly important to leadership effectiveness, as well as others that can actually be dysfunctional. What follows is a brief summary of our conclusions about what works and what doesnt work based on our observations.1. Effective leaders are aware of their impacton others and use it to their advantage.Efffective leaders in an organization know that their strong personalities ,their position and even their bodily pres ence makes a strong impact on others.they are also sensitive about hoe they come across to others.They form channels to learn about best in others.Such kind of leaders thinks that they are in perfect control over about their own feelings nad how they express them.But at the same time there is a big risk involved with such kind of leaders that these may come across as overbearing.Perfect counterpoise is being created by the effective leaders.2. Effective leaders have empathy for othersyet can still make tough decisions.Effective leaders often are best from thinking on placing himself in others position.They place themselves in others shoes and are able to think why and how employees react at the time of personal crisis,any changes may it be transformational or transactional,any prganizational events.But it doesnot prevent them to take tough decisions.They make people acknowledge that the decisions really make sense.The risk attached to it is that its easy to over-identify with othe rs or letempathy be confused with sympathy, and notmake the tough decisions as needed.3. Effective leaders are astute judges ofpeople without being judgmental.Effective leaders are able to judge others in terms of strengths and weaknesses and are able to apply and recognize diverse talents of the organization.The risk is that thay may overly critical about what they perceive about others weakenesses nad may make them feel undervalued or disrespective by dimissing the advice of such people..4. Effective leaders are passionate aboutwhat they do, and show it.Good leaders are passionate, highly optimistic and believe in the inevitability of success. They encourage others to believe that the most challenging goals can be met and the most daunting obstacles overcome. But it doesnt mean that they are always cheerleaders their passion may be expressed as persistence in pursuing an objective or a relentless focus on a valued principle. However,theres a fine line between being excited about something and allow too much passion close your mind to other possibilities and ignoring realities that others see.5. Effective leaders balance feeling and logicin making decisions.Effective leaders are in touch with their gut instincts about the right thing to do in the absence of supporting data. They also recognize their internal admonishment signs that something might not be the right thing to dodespite the seemingly compelling analysis. They understand that logic and facts are notthe only things to consider. Nevertheless, they do not vindicatory go with their gut without checking out their instincts with others. The drawbacks are the temptation to rely largely on their feelings about things and bet that they are correct without further investigation. They are fundamentally gambling with the resources of the organization, and can lose big.6. Effective leaders are excellent communicators.Effective leaders understands that the information should reach to people on time about th e business.though they are not good speakers but still they kknow the hot buttons of the organization.They know that timely information always motivates people and make them connected to the organization.The only line they face is that they get into the trouble of providing too much or too less information to the people connected with the organization.sometimes information not passed with the fear of people being upset from the truth.As in most things, emotional intelligence as a leadership requirement should be kept in perspective. The chance upon to effectiveness is balance a strong mix of cognitive capacity (logical, conceptual and creative thinking), people skills (interpersonal astuteness, influence skills, and communication skills), and the wisdom borne of experience and having to make unprecedented decisions based on a strong set of personal values and personal integrity. Taken together, this is what makes for effective leadership.

Twisted :: essays research papers

TwistedAudience      General Audience / InstructorPurpose Literary workTo justify how a tornado can affect a family.Thesis Sentence     Although an event may be traumatic it is not necessarily life changing. adumbrateI.     Describe the settingA.     Where / WhenB.     What was heard1. What did the tornado sound like2. How did parents direct usC.     What was seen1.     How did the storm look 2.     What did the tornado look likeII.     What was on the enhanceA.     HouseB.     Storm CellarC.     Animals D.     Trees E.     Newly plowed and planted fields III. Where did we goA.     Root cellarB.     NeighborIII.     What did the tornado doA. & nbsp   To the farmB.     To the familyI guess everyone experiences at least one terrifying event in his or her lifetime. How we assimilate the event shapes our attitudes, or maybe vice-versa. It can become the throttle valve that lead, to phobias sometimes it even earns itself a fancy title with syndrome attached to the end of it. I just call it a memory, but one I divided with eight other people.In a north central Indiana cornfield, not far from Indianapolis, my father returned to his chores in the field after a draft rain shower had passed. The edge of an enormous thunderstorm, laced with brilliant lightning, had passed overhead and it seemed as if the worst of the storm was over. Life was not easy on the plentiful soil of Wabash County, Indiana, on May 25, 1966. For my family, life was about to become even harder. A muffled roar in the distance grew louder and sharper. As dad began to play toward the house, he realized that the low, indistinct form in the distance was not rain or a patch of fog. It was a rotating transparent funnel, beneath a dark mass of demoralise. It extended from under the southwest corner of the thunderstorm. An occasional snake-like form would briefly appear within the confuse, and then suddenly vanish. It was coming at present toward our farm. The next time he looked, three or four contorted and transparent columns would briefly circle the center of what looked like a patch of swirling mist. The cloud looked nothing like the thin funnels and ropes that we had seen in the distance every few years. Dad now ran at full speed for the house, trying with each schnorkel to shout "Twister" Within the next few seconds, nine people would make life or death decisions about self-preservation, about prized possessions, and about family members. The rotating cloud had changed from transparent mist to a solid brown mass, at the edge of the newly

Feudalism :: European Europe History

feudal systemEssay Explain the reasons and process of Feudalism.Feudalism came to as a government containing kings, vassals, knights, lords, lesser lords, and peasants. Feudalism is a loosely organized system of rule in which powerful local lords divided their lands among lesser lords in exchange for military services and sworn fealty. It came to as a need for control over peasants and protection from the Muslims and the Magyars. The relationship between lords and vassals was established by customs and traditions. A lord granted his vassal fief or land, which ranged from a few hundred acres to a square mile in which it included peasants to work the land. The vassal pledged loyalty and military service to his lord. Besides granting an estate, Lords also promised to protect their vassals in re strain vassals pledged 40 age military service each year and current money payments in advance each year. Everyone had a place in a feudal society. Below the Monarchs were the most powerful l ords-Dukes and Counts- who held the largest fiefs. Each of these lords had vassals in turn they had their own vassals. Sometimes a lord was also a vassal to a more powerful lord exclusively had less powerful ones down the stairs him. Because vassals often held fiefs from more than one lord feudal relationships grew very complex. A vassal who pledged loyalty to several lords could have serious problems if his lords quarreled with one and other. The manor was the heart of a lords estate. On this land the peasants worked to farm crops. Most manors included more than one village. Most peasants who worked the manor were serfs, who were bound to the land. Serfs were not slave but were not free. They could not leave the manor without the lords permission and if the manor was granted to a new lord the serfs went with it. Mutual rights and responsibilities tied peasants and their lords together. Peasants had to work seven days a week farming the lords domain.