History Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 3

History - Essay Example The potential employees will have the need to apply for a job since she/he knows that there is health assurance in that company. If not, there will be no interest in that company jobs. It is evident that the existing manpower will be retained in the company as they start having the benefits of the health care insurance. The other thing that the company will benefit from this Act is that there will be an increase in productivity. As the number of employees increase, productivity level increases since there is enough manpower in the company. This Act will reduce the number of absenteeism. As the employees are aware of the insurance cover, there will be less numbers I the absentees list (Burkhauser, 23). Some employers will tend to consider the act of changing their already in use system of insurance and employ only part time employee as live a long with the full-time employees. This is discouraging factor as it will cost a lot to train them and also the administration of the business. Even if the part-time employees don’t change the existing insurance system, they raise marginal cost (Burkhauser, 73). In the Affordable Care Act, there is the employers’ mandate. Employers who have more than 50 employees, who are also full-time and are not having health insurance, should have the employer’s mandate which is their penalty. This penalty is meant for those employers whose intensions are to change their current system of health insurance. The employer mandate is to ensure that the existing style of insurance doesn’t change because of the new Act. As a result of the mandate, some analysts have come up with a suggestion that an ultimate version of pay or play to be introduced. This version is to tax these small businesses that do not give the health insurance. This is to be done by a percentage of their payroll (Faguet, 83). This penalty is meant for those businesses that

Housing Policy Seoul, Korea Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Housing Policy Seoul, Korea - Research Paper Example ty has also experienced extensive sprawl and suburbanization, growing into a metropolis of twenty million citizens in neighboring provinces and cities. In the face of this abrupt and phenomenal expansion, Seoul metropolitan Government has had to manage emerging urban challenges with a fair share of lamentable mistakes and success stories (Yoonseuk, 2012). As part of a two-tier local government administration, Seoul Metropolitan Government is involved in policy-making for the entire metropolitan region. Seoul has been at the center of a remarkable boom in residential buildings, in which older houses have been replaced by newer ones that with increased density (Yoonseuk, 2012). The inner cities, specifically, have seen phenomenal renewal over the past twenty years, both in terms of pace and magnitude. Managing this growth across the entire metropolitan area has been one of the most challenging issues of planning for the Seoul Metropolitan Government, especially in light of the Jeonse system that is unique to South Korea and has resulted in unique challenges for Seoul. This paper will discuss the unique challenges facing Seoul, as well as how the Seoul Metropolitan Government has reacted to these challenges in way of housing policy. Finally, the paper will present an evaluation of these policies with regards to their success. The low interest rates and the lengthy slump in the housing markets In South Korea as a result of the Asian financial crisis and the global financial crisis threatened the very future of the jeonse system, which is a unique and long-standing home-lease system that stretched back to the 19th century. These jeonse contracts have been a mainstay in Seoul since it was founded over a century ago. In this system, the tenant, rather than paying rent monthly, pays the landlord a lump sum, up-front deposit that is normally ~40% of the houses value (Yoo, 2014). After a lease period of two years, the landlord can either renew the lease or refund it in its

The impact of human activities on sharks in the northwest atlantic Essay Example for Free

The impact of human activities on sharks in the northwest atlantic Essay The earth is a finite space. Everyone and everything on it must share its vast yet limited resources, and the actions of one species effects many, if not all, others. Over time, we have come to realize that human activities are having disproportionately negative effects on the global environment. An excellent example of this within the marine biome can be seen in analyzing shark populations of the Northwest Atlantic. In their study, â€Å"Collapse and Conservation of Shark Populations in the Northwest Atlantic† (2003), Julia K. Baum, et al. traced the changes in the populations of eight shark species from 1986 to 2000 (two species were only recorded from 1992 onward). They looked at the areas comprised of the â€Å"Caribbean, Gulf of Mexico, Florida East Coast, South Atlantic Bight, Mid Atlantic Bight, Northeast Coastal, Northeast Distant, Sargasso/North Central Atlantic, Tuna North/Tuna South. † In this region, they noted an 89% decline in the hammerhead shark population over a period of 14 years. Similarly, white sharks declined 79%, tiger sharks 65%, and thresher shark populations declined by 80% between 1986 and 2000. In fact, each of the eight species saw a population decline over the course of the study. The study concludes that â€Å"The magnitude of the declines estimated†¦suggests that several sharks may also now be at risk of large-scale extirpation. † The study goes on analyse the causes of such drastic decline over such a short period of time. Citing overfishing as a significant culprit it claims, â€Å"In the past half century, as fishing fleets expanded rapidly in the open ocean, have large marine predators been subject to this intense exploitation. † Overfishing however is not a new phenomenon, and has indeed been a factor in depleting populations of marine species historically as well. In his 2001 colloquium paper, â€Å"What was natural in the coastal oceans? † Jeremy B. Jackson cites 19th century overfishing in cause â€Å"live coral abundance declined to 1-2% cover from values of 50% or more† in the 1908s. He claims that while this was noted in the 1980s it is the result of historical trends by determining, â€Å"Coral communities did not change noticeably until the epidemic mortality of Diadema antillarum in the 1980s because ecological redundancy of herbivores obscured the potential effects of the loss of large herbivorous fishes for well over a century. Macroalgae were not able to overgrow corals until the last major herbivore was lost from the system. † The ramifications for sharks and other carnivorous species as is significant because declining herbivore populations means there is a food scarcity and thus will result in a decline in predator populations as well. The Baum study notes that their finding of â€Å"large and rapid declines†¦are in addition to substantial historical reductions. Overexploitation of elasmobranchs (sharks, skates, and rays) is known to have already nearly eliminated two skate species from much of their ranges. † They then engage in a discussion of appropriate measures that could be adopted to counteract the declines their study revealed. They particularly examine marine reserves an â€Å"increasingly popular tool for marine conservation and resource management worldwide† (2002). Using â€Å"simple models to analyze the implications of large-scale marine reserves for shark conservation. They ran each of these models with two likely scenarios â€Å"(i) after the closure, fishing effort is displaced and changes such that the same total swordfish quota is caught (constant-quota scenario); or (ii) fishing effort is displaced but remains constant overall (constant-effort scenario). † Surprisingly, the study found that â€Å"marine reserves can indirectly cause harm if fishing effort is merely displaced. † They found that while closing one region of the study area benefited some species of that region, it had the potential to harm other species both within the closed region and in other regions of the Northwest Atlantic. Their findings suggest that â€Å"if marine reserves are to be effective, their placement is of critical importance, and conservation initiatives must explicitly consider impacts on the whole community of species. † They concluded that â€Å"emphasis on single-species conservation, without controlling effort, simply shifts pressure from one threatened species to another and may actually jeopardize biodiversity. † This scenario would be much like that of 19th century overfishing in that its results would be indirect and thus their effects might immediately be masked but could show up to be catastrophic in the long-term. A more recent study further indicated that ensuring species survival would require a 40-80% reduction in fishing mortality, and that â€Å"rapid recovery of community bio-mass and diversity usually occurs when fishing mortality is reduced. † This recovery was noted to be â€Å"more variable for single species, often because of the influence of species interactions. † Thus, the study concluded that multi-species management must be targeted toward the needs of the most sensitive rather than the most robust species in the system. Finally, in order to most effectively aid in the recovery of predator species of the Northwest Atlantic, the effort must include â€Å"reductions in fishing effort, reduction in bycatch mortality and protection of key areas to initiate recovery of severely depleted communities† (Myers Worm, 2005). Analysis the potential outcomes of any activity is significant because all human activity, not just actions determined to have a negative effect such as fishing, affects the environment. Even activities whose goal is to benefit another species can have unforeseen ramifications, some of these could even result in further harm to the species or environment they are seeking to aid. Rather than merely rushing to the conclusion that marine regions should be designated as reserves, it is important to examine not only the effects on one species, but look to the larger biome and scrutinize the impact that one variable is likely to have on countless other factors with which it interacts directly and indirectly. Within the finite space of the earth, any one action regardless of its intent is likely to reverberate throughout the environment and especially be felt within a specific region or biome. Thus, humans must consider all of there actions when working with the marine biome so as to ensure the least possible harm to its species and the larger world in general. References Baum, J. K. , Myers, R. A. , Kehler, D. G. , Worm, B. , Harley, S. J. , Doherty P. A. (2003).Collapse and Conservation of Shark Populations in the Northwest Atlantic, Science, 299 (5605), 389-392. Halpern, B. S. and Warner R. S. (2002). Marine Reserves Have Rapid and Lasting Effects, Ecology Letters, 5, 361-366. Jackson, J. B. C. (2001). What Was Natural in the Coastal Oceans? , Procedures of the National Academy of Science U. S. A. 98, 5411-5418. Myers, R. A. , Worm, B. (2005). Extinction, Survival or Recovery of Large Predatory Fishes, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 360 (1453), 13-20.

Object Oriented and Modelling Concepts Car Parking

Object Oriented and Modelling Concepts Car Parking Akila Kanishka Gangodage   At the present time parking is the major requirement of the people. And also there are limited spaces to park vehicles in the city area. Therefore car park systems should have proper management system to control the day to day activities. Peoples time is very valuable their time cant be wasted. People cant spend lot of time in the car park to park their vehicles. Traditional car parking systems are mainly best on human. That kind of systems use human to control activities of the car park, as example collect the money, generate the tickets, check the remaining space etc. But to do all these activities are taken lot of time and it is not efficient process and also this type of systems are no longer applicable for the modern society. Modern systems are using computers and software systems to manage and control the activities of the car park which can be interact by people time to time According to fact which are discuss above, a car park need a proper system that can manage and control all the day to day activities of car park efficiently Generate tickets. System should have generate two type of tickets. For ordinary customer and season customer. Season tickets should be issued to defined individual or company, a ticket need to be included contact number address and each season ticket should be valid for the given time period and issue date and expiry date should be display on the ticket. Ordinary tickets should be issued time period at the car park. Accept tickets. For the ordinary customers, if car park is full, no tickets should be issued. Each and every ordinary customers ticket should have bar code on it. When ordinary customer is leaving the dates or time should be the same, if not the ticket is ejected. For the season ticket holder, a check is made that the season ticket is valid for this car park and has not expired. Season ticket holder should not be recorded as having already entered this car park and not left. When the car park is full, tickets should not be issued from the control pillar. Handle payment. Payment can only be card (Master/Visa/Debt) or cash (50c, 1$, 2$, 5$, 10$, 20$, 50$). For ordinary customer, according the duration of the stay in the car park charge should be calculated and displayed. System should identify the notes and coins which are inserted by customer and the value added to an accumulated amount. When that amount exceed the charge, the ticket should be validated. And also change should be given accordingly. Invalid notes and coins can be identified and returned back to the customer. Control boom gates. The barrier should be raised, after the customer pull the ticket from the control pillar. Car should be detected by the sensor on the other side of the barrier when it has passed then barrier should be lowered. When the customer reach the exit barrier should be detected by a sensor and then the control pillar should allow the customer to check the ticket and after complete the payment the barrier should be raised. If this process consume more than fifteen minutes, the attendant can view the details of the ticket on his computer and should be able to control the barrier Record problem in a log book. If there any fault of equipment or any other aspect of the operational system the maintenance company must be notified straight away. The system should be able to generate static report of all faults. Manage security. The security guard should be able to put his or her card into card reader and arrival date and time should be recorded. Leave time also should be recorded as the same. The system should be able to handle one or more security companies. Hardware resources. Computer Boom gates Ticket scanner Printer Security camera Sensor Software resources. Windows Operating System. Need a user friendly and lightweight operating system for the computers for manage all other software. Browser. Since the developed system is interacted with web the computers require browser in order to use it. Database. System require a central database to store and process all the data. Barcode reader software. By using this software the system can identify each and every barcodes which are on the ticket. Payments handling software. Using this software system can detect and identify the notes and coins get the accumulated amount. Financial resources. The City Administration is fund for the project. Human resource. Most of the activities of the car park is done by the system itself but to be the complete system the car park system need human interaction. So system need to at least 10 peoples to proceed, Five peoples for the IT department. Three developers, one Tech Lead and one Project Manager Three peoples from the client company. Tow from the security company and one from the maintenance company One investor User There are some possible risks that can be happened while this car park system is using. Natural disaster. The significant increase in disasters of a natural and/or technological origin seen today has serious consequences for CI, the population, the environment, and the economy. These consequences have been exacerbated by the development of sociotechnical systems such as transport networks and industrial plants, their interdependencies, and their sensitivity to major hazardous events. (Farid kadri, Babiga birregah Eric chatelet, 2014). Natural disaster like Earth quick, flood, fire, and tornado can be done major impact for the hardware, software and human resources of the system. As an example when Earth quick happened it can be effected for the hardware devices like CTTV camera, boom gates control pillar, computer etc. and also it can be harm people and vehicles in the car park. Hardware failure. Hardware failures are permanent failures that occur over a period of time (Asim kadav, Matthew j renzelmann Michael m swift, 2009). Hardware devices can fail, but many systems assume they do not. When confronted with real devices that misbehave, these assumptions can lead to driver or system failures (Roozbeh bakhshi, Surya kunche Michael pecht, 2013). For an example if a boom gate will not work, cars cant enter the car park. Software failure. Sometime software need to be updated for work with the new technologies Database crash. Valuable data can be lost because of database crash Electricity failure. This kind of systems are mainly depend on electricity. So electricity failure is major risk that this system have to face. Lack of trained employee. Sometime it can be hard to fine trained employee to work with the car parking system. Propose outcome of this project is, that provide the efficient and effective car parking system for the people and avoiding unnecessary time wasting at the car park. And also this car parking system is very simple to control and manage and regulate for the city administration and can get higher business value in the city area. By introducing this new car parking system with new technology can gain lots of benefits for the company. Since parking is becoming a major requirement of people who come to the city for office, busyness, studies, work, shopping and hospital etc. this kind of efficient parking system can get high demand rather than other car parking system. Maintaining the parking system is becoming easier. Because of any fault of equipment can be notified by the system for the Maintenance Company. Another main benefit of car parking system is can operate with low manpower because of most of the activities of car park can be managed by the system itself therefor company can save lot of money Safety and security of drivers and cars are very high because system has security management system itself. Therefor company can earn customers trust and can have regular customer base. Another benefit of this system is system can keep the record easily in database and use them any way company want. Company use record for security purpose, financial purpose and maintain the statistic. Using this kind of car parking system the City Administration can have maximum utilization of space in city area. References Asim kadav, Matthew j renzelmann Michael m swift.(2009). Tolerating Hardware Device Failures in Software. University of Wisconsin-Madison : . Roozbeh bakhshi, Surya kunche Michael pecht.(2013). Intermittent Failures in Hardware and Software. University of Maryland: . Farid kadri, Babiga birregah Eric chatelet. (2014). The Impact of Natural Disasters on Critical Infrastructures: A Domino Effect-based Study. Retrieved 16 March, 2017, from https://doi.org/10.1515/jhsem-2012-0077

An Edition Of The Rover :: essays research papers fc

An Edition of The Rover   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  This project grew out of an exercise designed primarily to give graduate students practical experience in the processes of textual bibliography. It was continued and completed based on two beliefs: first, that the errors found amoung extant editions are significant enough to warrant further revision, and second, that the existence of a text with format and language accessible to modern readers is essential to the survival of this important work. With these aims in mind, we have worked to produce an edition of The Rover that respects not only the believed intentions of the author and the integrity of the earliest texts, but also the needs and concerns of contemporary students, teachers, actors, directors, and audiences of all sorts.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The version of the play chosen as the copy text for this edition was the second issue of the first edition, printed in 1677. The first comparison text was an issue of the second edition that was printed in 1697. The second comparison text was a 1915 volume edited by Montague Summers. Summers’ text was chosen because it is based primarily upon a 1724 collection of Behn’s dramatic pieces--a collection that, according to Summers, is â€Å"by far the best and most reliable edition of the collected theater.†   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Most of the changes documented in the textual notes stem from substantive discrepancies between these three texts. Often these discrepancies are the result of words or phrases being inverted from one edition to another. Note 44, for instance, concerns the stage directions in a scene where Florinda hugs Belvile and his vizard falls off. In the earliest edition, the hugging precedes the unmasquing, but in the 1697 edition, the masque falls off before the embrace. The order in which these actions are performed have significant consequence for the audience’s understanding of Florinda’s motivations: is she hugging Belvile because she thinks he is Belvile, or because she thinks he is someone else? Other noted discrepancies are cases where words were omitted in one or more of the editions. In the 1677 and 1915 versions, for example, Philipo delivers the line in Act III, â€Å"Blame me not, Lucetta†; yet in the 1697 version, the line reads â€Å"Blame not Lucetta† (note 32). Again, the difference is substantial; is Philipo attempting to shift culpability from himself or from Lucetta? In these cases, unless the context of the action suggests that the changes of the later texts were logically sound (see note 61), the copy text was taken as the authoritative version.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In some instances, accidental changes were also cited in the textual notes (see notes 28, 58, and 65, for example).

Redstorm Rising Book Report :: essays research papers

Red Storm Rising is a book about the Soviet Union and Russia's attempt to overtake the Atlantic so they can launch an offensive against the United States of America and maybe other NATO countries such as England and Germany.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The story begins in 1980 at a very productive but old, Soviet oil refinery in Nizhnevartovsk. The refinery is blown up by Islamic terrorists that hope to be 'heard' by their God Allah by commiting this violent action. The devestation of the refinery leads Russia into chaos with a much smaller supply of oil. The story escalates as the Russian army makes a push on Iraq to gain control over the precious oil fields to setup refineries and also an attack on Iceland. Conquering Iceland is an important step because this allows the Russians to reach farther into the Atlantic and possibly into North America with their aircraft. The Russian's greed for land control is immense and they are desperate for more resources and materials to manage more war campaigns. The Soviet Union soon decides that to gain ultimate power, Russian military must first cripple NATO and start the worst non-nuclear war imaginable.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  This book is unique because the story is told through many different character's points of view. Tom Clancy tells the story through eyes of NATO and Russian naval captains who command both surface and underwater boats. Most of the character's actions would seem reasonable at war time, making the story realistic. Almost every chapter in the book takes place in a different location during the war, on both the Russian and NATO fronts of battle.

Religion and Society Essay

Society is bound by codes of behavior and tacit agreements to live together in harmony. Religion plays an integral part in this code that society has created for itself. Every aspect of life, such as birth, death, marriage, and relationships, often have religious significance. Even though not all peoples in a society prescribe to the same religion, or any religion at all; religion is still deeply rooted in society and plays a part in everyday life. Religion gives people a moral code to live by; it gives life meaning and purpose, and it is prominent in the American government. Religion provides society with a moral compass for its citizens to live by. God provided Christians with the Ten Commandments and countless parables to help guide Christians to the path of righteousness; Buddhists adhere to the five percepts so that they may not stray away from the path to Nirvana, and Islamists follow a moral code outlined for them in the Quran that closely resembles the Christian Ten Commandme nts. These are all vastly different religions with different codes of ethics, but they are similar in the sense that they provide society with a moral code to live by. Although not everyone within society prescribes to a religion, religious influence is still present. Also, even though one may not follow the doctrine of a certain religion, that does not mean one cannot follow the moral code. All of society’s major religions have the same basic code; be a good person, don’t commit murder, obey the laws of society, etc. These guidelines are common sense, and anyone who knows right from wrong has a moral compass and a sense of ethics. With this in mind, although society has a basic understanding of right and wrong, religion takes it a step farther by demanding of its followers something more than just being a good person. Most major religions expect its followers to be moral leaders in society by helping those in need, and going out of their way to do good deeds for others. Thi s thirst to please some higher being or reach a different plane of existence gives mankind the incentive to keep to their moral code. This does not mean that people who do not have or believe in religion have looser morals or are any less than people who are religious; it just means that people of religious faith have extra incentive to live ethical lives. Religion gives life a transcendental purpose and meaning, and often a goal to aspire to at the end of one’s life. Christianity’s goal for its followers  is ultimately for them to live a life pleasing to God so that they may one day preside in Heaven, as well as to spread the word of God to all the people of the world. The goal of Buddhists is to end the cycle of rebirth by reaching nirvana. Goals such as these give the people of a society a purpose in life. Even those who do not prescribe to a religion can find meaning in their life by studying religion, or even by trying to disprove a religion one can find purpose; even though their purpose is antireligious, it is still influenced by religion. A purposeful life is essential; without a purpose or meaning in one’s life there is no reason to go on living. Religion provides people with a meaningful life, a goal to strive toward, and by doing such it allows society to find pleasure in reaching their goals on a spiritual and human level. Although the United States government has no religious affiliation, it is explicitly stated that t here is to be a separation of church and state in the Free Exercise Clause of the First Amendment to the Constitution of the United States, the United States was and still is based upon religious principles. While not all of the fifty-five founding fathers were Christians, most did have some sort of religion or belief system; for example Thomas Paine was a deist. The Declaration of Independence includes references to a â€Å"Creator,† and although it makes no reference to Christianity or any other religion, it is still has some religious affiliation. Presently only two percent of the United States Congress either does not prescribe to a religion or does not specify their religious affiliation. With ninety-eight percent of Congress prescribing openly to some form of religion, it is ignorant to believe that religion and the moral codes they believe in play no part in the making and passing of laws. This is not to say that all people of religious faith should be barred from being government officials, it is just an observation that church and state can never be fully separated. Religion still influences the lives of millions of people every day, whether religious or not, because the people who have been voted into these positions of power are the people who make and pass laws which affects everyone in American society. Religion is an ever present part of society. No matter if one is religious or not; religion abounds in everyday life. This is not necessarily a bad thing though. Religion provides society with a moral code to live by, and goals to strive for. Even those without religion are affected by these things, and can even  find their own goals and morals through religion without prescribing to a certain one. Religion is even present in the United States government. Although it is unequivocally stated in the First Amendment of the Constitution that there is to be a separation between religion and government, it is difficult to completely separate the two considering the majority of the government’s elected leaders are part of some religious affiliation. Religion is a perpetual part of society; whether one affiliates with religion or not, it affects society as a whole. On my honor, I pledge that I have neither given, received, nor witnessed any unauthorized help on this.